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In-Depth Reports

Executive Summary Jerusalem's transcendent characteristic is its uniqueness -- different from that of any other city or community. It remains, after 4,000 years, a magnetic focus of mystic, historical, emotional, religious, cultural, political and strategic attention. The city retains undimmed significance for adherents of the world's three great monotheistic religions

۱ دسامبر ۱۹۹۰

In-Depth Reports

Keynote Address

Superpower relations in the Middle East is an especially timely and provocative topic -- timely because superpower relations clearly are changing, and provocative because the consequences from those changes are far from self-evident. On one hand, the lessening of the tensions between the superpowers, especially the declining role of the

۳۰ آوریل ۱۹۹۰

In-Depth Reports

Keynote Address

We have been living through a political earthquake. A year ago Erich Honecker was still heading East Germany, and people were talking about the solid infrastructure of the GDR. Milos Jakes was still ruling in Czechoslovakia, and it was said that the communist party had a strong system of control

۲۹ آوریل ۱۹۹۰

In-Depth Reports

Inside the PLO:

Officials, Notables, and Revolutionaries

Executive Summary Faced with pressure from the uprising leadership in the territories, by gains of rival Islamic and leftist groups and by Jordan's disengagement from the West Bank, Yasser Arafat is seeking approval for a Palestinian declaration of independence at the Algiers PNC meeting. But will the PLO actually achieve

۱ دسامبر ۱۹۸۹

Barry Rubin

In-Depth Reports

To Build a Bridge of Trust:

American Policy toward the Middle East

The American government is intent on trying to bring the parties in the Arab-Israeli dispute closer together, to talk, to negotiate and to resolve differences. President Bush has reaffirmed this commitment on several occasions and Secretary of State James Baker described our goals eloquently in his speech on "principles and

۱۵ سپتامبر ۱۹۸۹

In-Depth Reports

Palestinian Elections:

Working Out the Modalities

Executive Summary If implemented, Israel's proposal for elections in the West Bank and Gaza could create new opportunities to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Elections could produce Palestinian representatives with whom Israel is willing to negotiate and, if conducted in a democratic manner, they could also bolster each side's confidence in

۱ سپتامبر ۱۹۸۹

Larry Garber

In-Depth Reports

Security for Peace:

Israel's Minimal Security Requirements in Negotiations with the Palestinians

The Palestinian uprising in the occupied territories has undermined the status quo that Israel has tried to preserve in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In so doing, the uprising has created an opportunity for the parties to resume the peace process and re-examine a number of basic premises. Like the situation after

۱ اوت ۱۹۸۹

Zeev Schiff

In-Depth Reports

Toward Israeli-Palestinian Disengagement

Executive Summary Israel's proposal for Palestinian elections stems from a realization that the status quo is not tenable and a fear that the intifada could escalate to a more violent pattern of confrontation. Despite continued controversy over its details, the elections proposal indicates several new elements in Israel's position: recognition

۱ اوت ۱۹۸۹

Ehud Yaari

In-Depth Reports

The PLO's New Policy:

Evolution until Victory?

The PLO's steps toward recognizing Israel, rejecting terrorism, and advocating a two-state solution are not a public relations ploy. But, by the same token, the PLO has not been transformed overnight. As a result, U.S. policy toward the PLO should be geared toward pressuring and maneuvering the organization into completing

۱ ژوئن ۱۹۸۹

Barry Rubin

In-Depth Reports

Development Diplomacy:

U.S. Economic Assistance to the West Bank and Gaza

For more than a decade, U.S. policymakers have sought, at least indirectly, to supplement their efforts to promote political reconciliation between Israel and the Palestinians with economic support to improve the socio-economic conditions in the West Bank and Gaza. U.S. efforts have been premised on the assumption that economic progress

۱ ژانویهٔ ۱۹۸۹

Joyce Starr

In-Depth Reports

A Declaration of Independence?

Faced with pressure from the uprising leadership in the territories, by gains of rival Islamic and leftist groups and by Jordan's disengagement from the West Bank, Yasser Arafat is seeking approval for a Palestinian declaration of independence at the Algiers PNC meeting. But will the PLO actually achieve independence from

۱ نوامبر ۱۹۸۸

Barry Rubin

In-Depth Reports

Islam in the Palestinian Uprising

"Activist Islam" has emerged as a critical new force in the Palestinian uprising and a new wild card in the intra-Palestinian debate over the political direction the ten-month old revolt should take. The recent publication of the Islamic Resistance Movement's covenant, which brooks no compromise with Israel, is but the

۱ اکتبر ۱۹۸۸

Robert Satloff

In-Depth Reports

The Reagan Administration's Approach to Middle East Peacemaking

Decision time is approaching in the Middle East. In Israel and Lebanon, within the Palestinian community and in the gulf, choices will be made that will have a profound impact on the politics of the region and on the chances of settling conflicts peacefully. These decisions must be based on

۱۶ سپتامبر ۱۹۸۸

In-Depth Reports

Changing the Balance of Risks:

U.S. Policy toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict

The violent uprising in the West Bank and Gaza has destroyed a status quo which had been tolerable, if not entirely comfortable, for several years. Mounting casualties injected fresh urgency into the search for a new peace process to replace one that has been stalled by differences over procedures and

۱ ژوئن ۱۹۸۸

In-Depth Reports

Israel and the Palestinians:

Imperatives for the Future

Keynote addresses by Walter Mondale, Lawrence Eagleburger, and Richard Murphy. With William Kirby, Daniel Kurtzer, Aaron David Miller, and others.

۱۷ آوریل ۱۹۸۸

In-Depth Reports

Double Jeopardy:

PLO Strategy toward Israel and Jordan

Executive Summary Since the early 1970s, PLO strategy towards Israel has gradually evolved toward an increasingly sophisticated "strategy of phases" for the liberation of Palestine. Though directed primarily against Israel, this strategy has threatening implications for Jordan as well. According to the PLO's "strategy of phases," it is essential for

۱ دسامبر ۱۹۸۷

In-Depth Reports

U.S.-Israel Strategic Cooperation

This Policy Focus presents the highlights of The Washington Institute's Conference on Strategy and Defense in the Eastern Mediterranean, held in Jerusalem, July 9-11, 1986. More than fifty American and Israeli policymakers, journalists and military analysts attended the conference, which was the first academic gathering to examine the development of

۱ سپتامبر ۱۹۸۶

Bart Aronson
Samuel Lewos
Menachem Meron

In-Depth Reports

Whither the Peace Process?

The Local Leadership Option

۱ آوریل ۱۹۸۶

Robert Satloff
Michael Lewis

In-Depth Reports

The PLO's Intractable Foreign Policy

Executive Summary In 1985, the Middle East peace process came to depend upon the transformation of the PLO into a suitable partner for King Hussein in negotiations with Israel. Throughout the year, however, the PLO proved itself yet again both unwilling and incapable of playing that role. In victory or

۱ دسامبر ۱۹۸۵

Barry Rubin

In-Depth Reports

The Soviet Union and Mideast Diplomacy

As the U.S.-USSR summit approaches, the Middle East has suddenly appeared on the agenda. For the first time, the Reagan Administration must deal with the unpleasant prospect of recreating a Soviet role in the Mideast peace process through an international conference. This premier issue of Policy Focus focuses on the

۱ نوامبر ۱۹۸۵

Dennis Ross

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