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Democracy & Reform

Policy Analysis on Democracy & Reform

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Brief Analysis
To Prevent the PA from Unraveling, Address Internal Reform
Reversing the dangerous trends in Palestinian domestic dynamics is a complicated undertaking, but failure to address these issues will ultimately hobble any diplomatic and security understandings reached on West Bank de-escalation.
Feb 28, 2023
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  • Ghaith al-Omari
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Putin’s Position in MENA and the Turkish Elections
Putin’s shift in MENA policy suggests efforts to smooth the way for Erdoğan’s electoral bid.
Feb 24, 2023
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  • Baraa Sabri
Brief Analysis
Changing Egyptian-Turkish Dynamics May Create Opportunities for Libya
Turkey’s tragic earthquake and Egypt’s economic crisis may lead both governments to ease their conflicts over Libya.
Feb 21, 2023
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  • Ben Fishman
Fires burn after the August 2020 port explosion in Beirut - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Washington Should Sanction Officials Obstructing the Beirut Port Investigation
Prosecuting those responsible for the disaster via an independent Lebanese judiciary would help safeguard public funds, contain corruption, enable reforms, and protect citizens.
Feb 17, 2023
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
The Israeli Supreme Court in session - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Israel Shouldn’t Cherry-Pick the American Model in Its Judicial Debate
If the government jettisons the idea of an independent judiciary, it could have a profound effect on the U.S.-Israel relationship.
Feb 15, 2023
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  • Dennis Ross
  • David Makovsky
Brief Analysis
How Will Turkey’s Earthquake Affect the Current Election Cycle?
Once Ankara meets the initial challenge of determining an election date amid unimaginable human tragedy, it will face a campaign season dominated by debates over the conduct of relief efforts and the government’s level of responsibility for the growing death toll.
Feb 14, 2023
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  • Soner Cagaptay
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Coming of Erdoğan’s Fourth War for Control: The AKP’s Looming Showdown with Turkey’s Nationalists
Although his alliance with the MHP has kept him in power, Erdoğan increasingly views the nationalist party as a threat that needs to be dealt with.
Feb 10, 2023
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  • Hasim Tekines
President Biden delivers the 2022 State of the Union address in Washington - source: U.S. government
Brief Analysis
The State of the Union and the Middle East
A compendium of what the past three U.S. presidents have said—and not said—about the region in their annual speeches before Congress.
Feb 8, 2023
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  • Eric Feely
Tehran protests
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Fractured Opposition to the Islamic Regime
The Iranian opposition has aligned itself well with the recent protest movement, but evidence of its ability to play an organizational or leadership role in future protests remains limited.
Feb 7, 2023
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  • Ata Hoodashtian
Video preview image of a Lebanese child drinking water
Video
The Symptom and the Disease: Cholera and State Collapse in Syria and Lebanon
What has caused Lebanon's devastating cholera epidemic, and why haven't authorities and healthcare professionals been able to stop it?
Jan 31, 2023
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
  • Andrew J. Tabler
Iraqi prime minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani in 2022 - source: Wikimedia Commons
Brief Analysis
Sudani’s Wobbly Balancing Act Between Tehran and Washington
Although it is still too early to write the prime minister off as an Iranian lackey, he is on a familiar trajectory for Iraqi governments: doing the minimum necessary to prevent deterioration with Washington while satisfying the voracious demands of his Iran-backed partners.
Jan 27, 2023
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  • David Schenker
A bread seller in Cairo walks past a sign promoting President Sisi - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Egypt’s Economic Freefall Provides an Opening for U.S. Assistance—and Leverage
Given the tall task of managing public dissent and meeting IMF reform requirements without angering his military base, President Sisi may be more willing to shift his problematic stances on human rights and foreign policy.
Jan 26, 2023
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  • Ben Fishman
Video
Brief Analysis
Civil Society in Tunisia: Resetting Western Policy Expectations
Three experts discuss the relevance and focus of Western efforts to nurture reform in post-revolutionary Tunisia amid recent democratic backsliding by President Saied.
Jan 25, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
  • Amy Hawthorne
  • Jean-Louis Romanet Perroux
Tunisian demonstrators outside the general union building (UGTT), June 2022
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Civil Society in Tunisia:
Resetting Expectations
Reduced U.S. support need not mean abandoning Tunisians or democratization, and can center on directing limited funds more intentionally.
Jan 23, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
Houthi code of conduct paper
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Between the Lines: Understanding the Houthi Employment Code of Conduct
Since the failure of international efforts to renew the ceasefire in Yemen this past November, the Houthi movement has—with increasing speed—spread its influence and dominance over the men and women living under its control.
Jan 15, 2023
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  • Laila Lutf Al-Thawr
Iran Womens Protests
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Iranian Daughters: Struggling for the Rights Their Mothers Lost in the Revolution
Activists fighting for women's rights in Iran today have learned from their predecessors' mistakes and are more determined than ever to achieve gender equality.
Jan 13, 2023
◆
  • Sepideh Zamani
Brief Analysis
Iran’s New Budget Perpetuates Economic Challenges
The president is proposing de facto cuts to salaries and subsidies as well as more money for the military, while avoiding the tough reforms Iran’s economy needs.
Jan 12, 2023
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  • Henry Rome
Benjamin Netanyahu
Articles & Testimony
Israel’s Power Shift: To Bibi, or Not to Bibi
Once Netanyahu finds a way out of his legal troubles, he stands a realistic chance of balancing the demands of his most militant coalition partners with the expectations of the wider Israeli, Arab, and international community.
Jan 12, 2023
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  • David Pollock
Women and a child walk near Kabul, Afghanistan - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Repeating the Past or Following Precedent? Contextualising the Taliban 2.0’s Governance of Women
A twenty-first-century return to the group’s past gender apartheid is a distinct possibility, potentially threatening Afghan women’s rights, the survival of vulnerable ethnic groups, and the country’s broader security and prosperity.
Jan 12, 2023
◆
  • Gina Vale
  • Devorah Margolin
  • Farkhondeh Akbari
Brief Analysis
To Ease Syria’s Energy Crisis, Assad Must Return to the Negotiating Table
Washington can help alleviate the country's fuel crisis, but only if Damascus and Moscow agree to extend the cross-border aid mechanism and resume progress toward a final political settlement.
Dec 22, 2022
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  • Andrew J. Tabler
  • Erik Yavorsky

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Supported by the

Project Fikra: Defeating Extremism through the Power of Ideas

Fikra n. [Arabic] "Idea"

The Washington Institute's Project Fikra is a multiyear program of research, publication, and network-building designed to generate policy ideas for promoting positive change and countering the spread of extremism in the Middle East.

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Featured experts

Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland is The Washington Institute's Croft-Wagner Family Fellow and editor of Fikra Forum.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is a Senior Fellow in The Washington Institute's Program on Arab Politics.
David Pollock
David Pollock
David Pollock is the Bernstein Fellow at The Washington Institute, focusing on regional political dynamics and related issues.
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