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Democracy & Reform

Policy Analysis on Democracy & Reform

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kadhimi Iraq
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Abu Ragheef Committee Crisis: Security Repercussions for Iraq
The repercussions of the Abu Ragheef committee are still playing out in Iraq, as the Sudani government attempts to assign blame and pursue justice.
Jul 14, 2023
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  • Fawzi al-Zubaidi
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Has the Pursuit of Democracy Failed in Sudan?
The current conflict in Sudan has been exacerbated by a limited democratic process after the fall of Omar al-Bashir that failed to incorporate a diversity of Sudanese civilian voices.
Jul 13, 2023
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  • Dr. Khidir Haroun Ahmed
Articles & Testimony
Why a Weak Abbas Is Dangerous for Israel
To restore security and expand the Abraham Accords, Washington and its allies must take urgent steps to keep the PA from collapsing, such as organizing donor pressure to appoint a reformist prime minister and increasing employment opportunities for younger Palestinians who no longer see a reason to refrain from violence.
Jul 6, 2023
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  • Dennis Ross
  • Ghaith al-Omari
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
New Poll Shows Lebanese Frustrations with Government, Iran, and Other Powers
New polling results from Lebanon emphasize ways in which the country’s public is frustrated domestically and at key Hezbollah ally Iran, while expressing mixed views of other powers.
Jun 22, 2023
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  • Catherine Cleveland
Banque du Liban, BDL commissioner Riyad Salameh, Hezbollah symbol, ATM machine
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Cash Cabal:
How Hezbollah Profits from Lebanon's Financial Crisis
The Lebanese economy requires an urgent overhaul, and the international community must press for deep reforms.
Jun 22, 2023
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  • Samara Azzi
  • Hanin Ghaddar
Articles & Testimony
Perpetual Deadlock Is Limiting Libya’s Potential
Oil is flowing and warring factions are not actively warring, but this illusion of stability can disappear at any time unless further steps are taken to produce a legitimate government.
Jun 17, 2023
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  • Ben Fishman
Samir Geagea - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
Lebanon's Prospects for Leadership, Reform, and Change: A Conversation with Samir Geagea
The head of the country’s largest parliamentary bloc discusses the ongoing political crisis, the role of U.S. sanctions, how a new president could limit Hezbollah’s domestic hegemony, and more.
Jun 21, 2023
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  • Samir Geagea
Articles & Testimony
How the Caesar Act Restricts Normalisation with Syria
The landmark legislation has played a critical role in the evolution of American sanctions, and follow-on congressional restrictions will largely prevent any efforts to bring Assad back into the economic fold.
Jun 17, 2023
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  • Andrew J. Tabler
  • Matthew Zweig
Kurdistan Flag
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
In Iraq, the Kurds Are Their Own Worst Enemy
Kurds were once referred to as kingmakers, a pillar of stability, and the most powerful force in the fight against ISIS. Now, the Kurdish Region of Iraq is crippled by ferocious partisanships, tribal politics, and internal splits.
Jun 17, 2023
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  • Yerevan Saeed
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Media and Official Reactions to Erdoğan’s Win
Considering Turkey’s pivotal role in the region and a number of current global issues, it’s no wonder that Arab media across the Middle East closely followed Turkey’s recent elections and speculated about the impact of the election results.
Jun 16, 2023
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  • Mohamed Abdelaziz
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Egypt: A National Dialogue or A Political Maneuver?
With key topics and figures excluded, Egypt's national dialogue is unlikely to achieve much in the way of reform.
Jun 9, 2023
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  • Dalia Ziada
PMF troops in Iraq
Articles & Testimony
Washington Keeps a Watchful Eye as the PMF Consolidates Its Dominance in Iraq
The Biden administration’s low-key, patient approach with Prime Minister Sudani has produced some positive results, but the lesson of Hezbollah and the Houthis is that Iranian proxies tend to cement their grip over a state when left unchecked.
Jun 8, 2023
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  • David Schenker
Israeli Minister of Defense Benny Gantz - source: Israeli Ministry of Defense
Video
Brief Analysis
Israel's Challenges at Home and Abroad: A View from the Opposition
Opposition leader and former defense minister Benny Gantz discusses Israel’s domestic political challenges, the triggers for action against Iran’s nuclear program, the prospects of normalization with Saudi Arabia, and more.
Jun 8, 2023
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  • Benny Gantz
  • Robert Satloff
  • David Makovsky
A view of the 18th hole of a 2022 LIV Golf tournament in Thailand - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Golf Detente: Saudi Arabia’s LIV to Merge with the PGA
The deal raises questions about Riyadh’s human rights record and media double standards, but its most important outcome may be further diversification of the Saudi economy away from oil dependence.
Jun 7, 2023
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  • David Schenker
Iraq's Federal Supreme Court building
Articles & Testimony
Iraq Is Quietly Falling Apart
While Washington focuses on great power competition, Iran’s proxies have seized power in Baghdad and are gutting the state.
Jun 5, 2023
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  • Michael Knights
Articles & Testimony
US Foreign Policy in Tunisia: Dilemmas and Prospects
By standing up for human rights and taking concrete steps to support a receptive Tunisian public, Washington can help overcome its reputation for putting security and economic interests ahead of democratic ideals.
Jun 1, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
A bread seller in Cairo walks past a sign promoting President Sisi - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Bread in Egypt: Politics, Social Unrest, and State Stability
The global rise in wheat prices since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has renewed questions about Egypt’s bread subsidies and the government’s broader legitimacy.
May 31, 2023
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  • Aaron Rock-Singer
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan delivers a speech
Articles & Testimony
Erdogan’s Russian Victory
His months-long efforts to neuter the opposition ahead of this weekend’s win suggest that Turkey is shifting closer to a Putin-style autocracy than an illiberal European democracy.
May 29, 2023
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  • Soner Cagaptay
Supporters of Turkish president Erdogan display a large flag - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
Turkey's Presidential Runoff: What to Expect May 28 and After
A panel of journalists and scholars discuss the policy implications of various scenarios that might emerge from the final round of Turkey’s election.
May 26, 2023
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  • Elcin Poyrazlar
  • Emre Peker
  • Humeyra Pamuk
  • Soner Cagaptay
Supporters of Iraqi Shia cleric Moqtada al-Sadr gather during a sit-in, inside the parliament building in Baghdad - source: Reuters
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
What Are Sadr’s Plans for the Elections in Iraq?
Although the Sadrist Movement withdrew from politics, participating in the upcoming provincial elections would provide them with critical momentum that they don't want to miss out on.
May 24, 2023
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  • Feyzullah Tuna Aygün

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Supported by the

Project Fikra: Defeating Extremism through the Power of Ideas

Fikra n. [Arabic] "Idea"

The Washington Institute's Project Fikra is a multiyear program of research, publication, and network-building designed to generate policy ideas for promoting positive change and countering the spread of extremism in the Middle East.

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Featured experts

Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland is The Washington Institute's Croft-Wagner Family Fellow and editor of Fikra Forum.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is a Senior Fellow in The Washington Institute's Program on Arab Politics.
David Pollock
David Pollock
David Pollock is the Bernstein Fellow at The Washington Institute, focusing on regional political dynamics and related issues.
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